Julia supports high-level abstractions and has better parallelism for multi-core tasks, but it’s not as mature as Python for general data science workflows.

Functional languages like Haskell or Scala encourage recursion and high-order functions, whereas procedural programming relies more on loops and conditionals.

Java is more established in the enterprise world, with a larger pool of developers and support for large-scale applications like banking systems.

For handling concurrency, Go is superior because of its goroutines, which make managing multiple requests simpler.